Author: Abdulaziz Alghamdi

Research Project 
(20-25 typed pages with double- space, APA style, 95 pts) (Due on 4/30)
Each student is required to conduct a research project in the area that you have chosen. The research proposal will be scored on a 0-100 scale for completeness, clarity and logic of argument, appropriateness of proposed method conformity to APA style/format, spelling, and grammar Research Project  – Scoring Guidelines
1.            Abstract (5 pts) (100 words)
5 (excellent)      4 ( good)      3 (average)     2 (poor)     1-0 (bad)
An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 100 words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes: 1) the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated; 2) the basic design of the study; 3) major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis; and, 4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.
2.      Introduction (30 pts)
a.      Statement of the problem (5 pts)  
5 (excellent)  4 ( good) 3 (average)  2 (poor)     1-0 (bad)
The introduction leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular topic of inquiry. It establishes the scope, context, and significance of the research being conducted by summarizing current understanding and background information about the topic, stating the purpose of the work in the form of the research problem supported by a hypothesis or a set of questions, explaining briefly the methodological approach used to examine the research problem, highlighting the potential outcomes your study can reveal, and outlining the remaining structure and organization of the paper.
b.      Literature Review (20 pts) 
20-18 (Excellent)  17-16 (Good)  15-12 (Average)  11-5 (Poor) 4-0 (Bad)
The introduction leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular topic of inquiry. It establishes the scope, context, and significance of the research being conducted by summarizing current understanding and background information about the topic.
c.       Research questions/or hypotheses
(5 pts)  5 (Excellent)    4  (Good)  3 (Average)  2 (Poor) 1-0 (Bad)
Stating the purpose of the work in the form of the research problem supported by a hypothesis and a set of questions, explaining briefly the methodological approach used to examine the research problem, highlighting the potential outcomes your study can reveal, and outlining the remaining structure and organization of the paper.
3.      Methodology (20 pts)
The methods section describes actions to be taken to investigate a research problem and the rationale for the application of specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information applied to understanding the problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability. The methodology section of a research paper answers two main questions: How was the data collected or generated? And, how was it analyzed? The writing should be direct and precise and always written in the past tense.
a.       Participants   - Describing Your Sample
 5 (Excellent)    4  (Good)  3 (Average)  2 (Poor) 1-0 (Bad)
The Subjects (or Participants) section of the Method chapter describes the source and number of subjects you will be using (in a proposal) or the source and number of subjects actually obtained (in a completed project).   Of particular importance in the Subjects section are the specific sampling procedures used, the rationale for selecting a given number of subjects, and the source of the subjects. Which type of sample will you draw: random, stratified, and purposive? Where will your subjects be located?
b.       Instruments  -- Describing Your Research Tools
 5 (Excellent)    4  (Good)  3 (Average)  2 (Poor) 1-0 (Bad)
The Instrumentation (or Measures) section of a Method chapter describes the particular measures you will employ and how they will measure the variables specified in your research questions and hypotheses and what are the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the test.
c.        Procedures  -- Describing How You Did (or Will Do) It
   5 (Excellent)    4  (Good)  3 (Average)  2 (Poor) 1-0 (Bad)
The Procedures section provides a detailed description of the exact steps taken to contact your research participants, obtain their cooperation, and administer your instruments.
d.       Data Analysis -- How to Justify and Describe an Analysis   
     5 (Excellent)    4  (Good)  3 (Average)  2 (Poor) 1-0 (Bad)
A research proposal often includes a statement that describes the statistical tests that will be used to address the hypotheses and research questions.
4.      Research Results & Discussion (35 pts)
a.       Results:      
 15 -14 (Excellent)  13-10  (Good) 9-5(Average)  4-3 (Poor) 2-0 (Bad)
The results section is where you report the findings of your study based upon the methodology [or methodologies] you applied to gather information. The results section should state the findings of the research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation. A section describing results is particularly necessary if your paper includes data generated from your own research.
b.      Discussion  
15 -14 (Excellent)  13-10  (Good) 9-5(Average)  4-3 (Poor) 2-0 (Bad)
The Discussion
The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated, and to explain any new understanding or insights about the problem after you've taken the findings into consideration. The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader's understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction.
The Conclusion
The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research problem, but a synthesis of key points and, if applicable, where you recommend new areas for future research. 
The limitations of the study are those characteristics of design or methodology that impacted or influenced the interpretation of the findings from your research. They are the constraints on generalizability, applications to practice, and/or utility of findings that are the result of the ways in which you initially chose to design the study and/or the method used to establish internal and external validity.
Keep in mind that acknowledgement of a study's limitations is an opportunity to make suggestions for further research. If you do connect your study's limitations to suggestions for further research, be sure to explain the ways in which these unanswered questions may become more focused because of your study.
5.      List of the references (at least of 10 references)  (5 pts)
6.      Paper Structure (APA style) (5 pts)
         5 (Excellent)  4 (Good)  3 (Average) 2(Poor) 1-0 (Bad)

ABSTRACT 

The Police Body Worn Camera is crucial subject in many aspects. The purpose of the poster is to represent information, pictures, survey results, and more. It is a significant technology in the law enforcement department to record and shows how the officer is dealing with the public, besides that can help to train and develop the police officer techniques. Since there were several incidents, have occurred between the policeman and civilians and there was no evidence to show what happened. There were few cases where some civilians killed, and in other matters, there were some wounded. By using the police body worn camera is a way to protect the civilians and police officers right and used as evidence to be used in courts to show the case.

Abstract Police Body worn Camera
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Police Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) in improving policing aspects. The technical policing elements include; the accountability, transparency, and the perceived legitimacy of the police institutions policy perspective to protect the law enforcement and people. There has been growing speculations that police body worn cameras can be used to minimizing significant policing challenges. It is believed that the BWCs can suitably reduce or limit the policing staff from using excessive force, enhance accurate gathering of pieces of evidence, minimize citizens’ complaints and reduce chances of injuries and this study will be used as a basis of proof to such assertions. In 2003, the White House supported the speculation that the police body worn cameras can significantly increase the efficiency of policing aspects (Ariel et al., 2015). A college of policing in Europe also supported these benefits. However, these arguments have also been criticized by different scholars that the trending technology lacks adequate supportive information concerning its advantages and disadvantages and as such, this study will be used in supporting the effectiveness of body-worn cameras and also inciting the challenges associated with the same. This study uses literature reviews from various policing institutions to determine to gather relevant data on efficiency attached to these tools. The study will rely on situational theory, organizational theory, and psychological theory mechanisms to account the extent to which police use force in policing. The literature will also capture the evidence and prevalence of injuries during police encounters. 
This study evaluates the effects of using police body-worn cameras in addressing excessive use of force the police, the means by which BWCs can minimize police and suspects injuries, and the expected challenges in enacting the use of police body-worn cameras. The study relies on qualitative research design in investigating the effectiveness of police body-worn cameras, evaluating the challenges faced and after that making the necessary recommendations.
The key is finding the study that, the police body worn cameras are useful in different policing aspects. The use of police body worn cameras ensures accountability and transparency, elevates police legitimacy and also improves evidence gathering. Additionally, the study found that police body worn cameras increases police-community relations, and also reduces citizens complain (White, 2014). Furthermore, the BWCs increase officer’s perception of technology. Conversely, the police body-worn cameras are prone to challenges and growing concerns and these include; the financial cost, citizens’ privacy, and policy development issues. In summary, adoption of police body-worn cameras is quite effective in supporting policing aspects. The findings generate adequate evidence of the usefulness of BWCs in policing aspects. Other results indicate that BWCs reforms in police policy, adoption of BWCs technology and policy training can bring about advanced police body worn programs which are service oriented. The study gives a resourceful overview of the police body-worn cameras together with their applications, focuses on the most controversial aspects of BCWs, that is the benefits, and points of concern of these tools.
References.
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015). The effect of police body-worn cameras on use of force and citizens' complaints against the police: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of quantitative criminology, 31(3), 509-535.
  White, M. D. (2014). Police officer body-worn cameras: Assessing the evidence. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice.
Bibliography Police body worn camera
In my research on Police Worn Body Cameras, I will rely on a couple of keywords which include; crime, accountability and transparency, public rights, law enforcement, video coverage, audio recording among others. In carrying out my research, I intend to seek data from publicly known websites, Federal data sources, published journal articles as well as books. The following are some sources which offer reliable, credible and valid information concerning Police worn Body Cameras; 
Ariel, B. (2016). Police body cameras in large police departments. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 106, 729. 
This journal focuses on the increased publicity of Body Worn Cameras in the contemporary word. It provides that camera technology has brought about the increase in police officer’s accountability, improved performance, legitimacy and better conduct. It points out technical factors which often necessitates behavioral changes during police-public interactions. The knowledge acquired in this journal is essential for my final research in assessing the effectiveness of body-worn cameras in determining the apparent reasons for arrest among other complaints. 
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015). The effect of police body-worn cameras on use of force and citizens’ complaints against the police: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of quantitative criminology, 31(3), 509-535. 
This article seeks to address the question whether police body worn cameras can contribute by controlling misuse of public rights and reduce citizen’s complaints against the law enforcers. It hints that the in increased incidences of use of force by police when administering laws. This has often called for attention from diffident government agencies, scholars and international concerns as well. Relevantly, the article will be used in my final research to outlay the effects of the use of force by law enforcers to the general public. It will also help in making self-reliant recommendations on the increased need for camera technology. 
Ariel, B., Sutherland, A., Henstock, D., Young, J., Drover, P., Sykes, J., & Henderson, R. (2016). Wearing body cameras increases assaults against officers and does not reduce police use of force: Results from a global multi-site experiment. European Journal of Criminology, 13(6), 744-755.
This article informs that body-mounted camera is the most controversial aspect in many countries in addressing the increased use of power by police. It seeks to make the difference between assaults against police and police use of force in relation with the body-worn cameras. This article hints that camera technology might increase incidences of assault against law enforcers. It is also likely to deteriorate police privacy thus encouraging forging of information concerning citizen complaints. Arguably, I will use this information to explain challenges associated with effective implementation of camera technology programs in police departments, private security, and traffic wardens. 
Culhane, S. E., Boman IV, J. H., & Schweitzer, K. (2016). Public perceptions of the justifiability of police shootings: The role of body cameras in a pre-and post-Ferguson experiment. Police Quarterly, 19(3), 251-274. 
This source focuses on the actual police shooting event. It provides a study on the information concerning the police shooting in Ferguson, Missouri. According to the information provided, only citizens who could witness the event can justify the cause of action as compared to those who just peruse the transcripts. Apparently, video recordings were found to provide the best perceptions concerning the unjustified shooting. I will use the information from this source to develop recommendations on the need for body-worn cameras for police departments. 
Hedberg, E. C., Katz, C. M., & Choate, D. E. (2017). Body-worn cameras and citizen interactions with police officers: Estimating plausible effects given varying compliance levels. Justice Quarterly, 34(4), 627-651. 
This article focuses on the increased ambush and killings of innocent citizens resulting from police use of force in the country. It exclaims that the nation is featured with the weak relationship between the community and police accountability. In this regard, this document estimates the significance of body-worn cameras in eradicating adverse police-citizens relation. I will use the information from this article to complete my final research by conducting different estimates of efficacy of body-worn cameras. I will compare incidents of complaints in camera controlled squads to cases from squad assigned controls. 
Mateescu, A., &Rosenblat, A. (2015). Police body-worn cameras. New York (pp. 34-46) 
This article informs that body-worn cameras break down information from what is known to unknown extents concerning organizations, accidents, and law enforcement practices taken by the police. It provides a supportive background for the civil rights advocates and law enforcement activists by making them excited to seek for safety and better community policing. It outlays the overwhelming challenges attached to police body-worn cameras. It also strategizes for the best tactics of implementing camera technology. The content of this article will be utilized in stemming up the accountability measures and efficacy of police body-worn cameras. It will help in formulating best camera technology to be used in program implementations in my research.
 Rowe, M., Pearson, G., & Turner, E. (2018). Body-Worn Cameras and the Law of Unintended Consequences: Some Questions Arising from Emergent Practices. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. 
This journal informs that body-worn camera has impacted to accurate examination and randomization of evidentiary cases. The journal illustrates on some of the benefits and consequences of body-worn cameras which have been ignored. Further, it extends interests on how law enforcers can vividly conduct an ethnographic study and account the impacts of body-worn cameras. In my final research, this journal will be used in explaining pressures linked to the use of camera technology and how the implementation of camera technology can improve the quality of officers – citizen interactions. 
Ray, R., Marsh, K., &Powelson, C. (2017, December). Can Cameras Stop the Killings? Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Body‐Worn Cameras in Police Encounters. In Sociological Forum (Vol. 32, No. S1, pp. 1032-1050). 
The article informs on how police body worn camera can reduce racism, crime and unequal treatment and biases in service provision. It hints that body-worn cameras are among the best-standardized approaches of enhancing transparency during law enforcement. The article relies on information gathered from the residents of Prince Georgia County to evaluate different views concerning racism and other unethical treatments by police and the anticipated effectiveness this camera technology. I will use knowledge from this article in my final research to exemplify the link between camera technology and ethical affairs to the citizens. 
Smykla, J. O., Crow, M. S., Crichlow, V. J., & Snyder, J. A. (2016). Police body-worn cameras: Perceptions of law enforcement leadership. American journal of criminal justice, 41(3), 424-443. 
This source talks about perceptions of law enforcement leadership to the body-worn cameras. It hints that many citizens have positive expectations with effective implementation of this camera technology. Apparently, the police officers are found to have a perception that body-worn cameras will influence officer’s decision to apply unnecessary force in their interaction with citizens. In this concern, I will use the data from this article in my final research to explain how both police and citizen’s perceptions will impact on body-worn cameras concerning police privacy, police safety, and police transparency. 
White, M. D. (2014). Police officer body-worn cameras: Assessing the evidence. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs. US Department of Justice. 
This article provides argumentative support to the significance of body-worn cameras. It hints that body-worn cameras are essential for enhancing transparency in law enforcement officers in conjunction with the victims’ interpretation of police lawfulness. It lays out that the technology will help by warning police to have respect to human rights by availing pieces of evidence to support arrests among other factors. The article discusses recommendations which are deemed adequate for installing camera technology, a video documenting and police equipment and equipment evaluation for efficiency in enforcing laws while administering justice. In my final research, this article will be used to account for the anticipated benefits of effective adoption of body-worn cameras in public service provision. 

References:
 Ariel, B. (2016). Police body cameras in large police departments. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 106, 729. 
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015). The effect of police body-worn cameras on use of force and citizens’ complaints against the police: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of quantitative criminology, 31(3), 509-535. 
Ariel, B., Sutherland, A., Henstock, D., Young, J., Drover, P., Sykes, J., & Henderson, R. (2016). Wearing body cameras increases assaults against officers and does not reduce police use of force: Results from a global multi-site experiment. European Journal of Criminology, 13(6), 744-755. 
Culhane, S. E., Boman IV, J. H., & Schweitzer, K. (2016). Public perceptions of the justifiability of police shootings: The role of body cameras in a pre-and post-Ferguson experiment. Police Quarterly, 19(3), 251-274. 
Hedberg, E. C., Katz, C. M., & Choate, D. E. (2017). Body-worn cameras and citizen interactions with police officers: Estimating plausible effects given varying compliance levels. Justice Quarterly, 34(4), 627-651. 
Mateescu, A., &Rosenblat, A. (2015). Police body-worn cameras. 
Ray, R., Marsh, K., &Powelson, C. (2017, December). Can Cameras Stop the Killings? Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Body‐Worn Cameras in Police Encounters. In Sociological Forum (Vol. 32, No. S1, pp. 1032-1050). 

Literature Review Outline on Police Body Worn Cameras.
1.	Research Title: Police Body Worn Cameras.
2.	Introduction.
The police body worn cameras (BWCs) are regarded as technological tools for improving policing aspects as well as the perceived legitimacy, accountability and transparency of the police institutions and other legal organizations. In the context of the USA, the white house recognized the use of these cameras in 2003 with the argument that they would be used in reducing citizens' complaints, reducing incidents of policies using excessive force, reducing injuries and improving aspects of gathering evidence (Ariel et al., 2015).  The College of policing in Europe also endorsed the use of these cameras citing the same advantages as the White House. A national movement has been created to deploy police body worn cameras extensively, but there is very little evidence to prove the effectiveness of these tools. White, (2014), argues that laudable claims have been raised in concern to the effectiveness of the Police body-worn cameras, but we still lack tangible operational evidence to support such claims and clearly present the pros and cons of this technology. Through this study, it will be possible to collect data from different sources and determine whether the pros of the police body worn cameras surpass the cons. In the literature review, a focus will be laid on three main parts which are; the police use of force, injuries during police encounters, and the beneficial aspects of BWCs in the police force.
3.	Literature Review.
A.	Police Use of Force.
i.	Situational theory explaining the use of force by the police.
ii.	Organizational theory explaining the use of force by the police.
iii.	Psychological theory explaining the use of force by the police.
iv.	Measuring the use of force by the police.
B.	Injuries during police encounters.
i.	Police injuries.
ii.	Suspects injuries.
iii.	Prevalence of injuries.
C.	Benefits of using BWCS in the police force.
i.	The use of police body-worn cameras for accountability and transparency. 
ii.	The use of police body-worn cameras for ensuring police legitimacy.
iii.	The use of BWCs in improving evidence gathering.
iv.	What we know about the police body-worn cameras.
4.	Research Overview.
Research questions.
i.	What are the effects of using the police body-worn cameras in dealing with the excessive use of force by the police?
ii.	How can the police body worn cameras be used in reducing police and suspects injuries?
iii.	How does the use of the police body worn cameras improve accountability, transparency, legitimacy and evidence gathering by the police?
iv.	What are the expected challenges in implementing the use of the police body-worn cameras?

Hypotheses.
i.	The police body worn cameras can be used in reducing the excessive use of force by the police.
ii.	The police body worn cameras can be used in reducing police and suspects injuries.
iii.	The police body worn cameras are very beneficial tools in improving evidence gathering documentation, ensuring legitimacy, accountability, and transparency in the police force.
iv.	The police body worn cameras pose challenges of concern to police privacy which is a personal issue, may raise officer and community concerns, jeopardize data retention and also prompt the state to incur high costs in law enforcement aspects.

References.
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015). The effect of police body-worn cameras on use of force and citizens' complaints against the police: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of quantitative criminology, 31(3), 509-535.
  White, M. D. (2014). Police officer body-worn cameras: Assessing the evidence. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice.

I will focus on “Police Worn Body Cameras” as my topic of research.
It is evident that technological development, especially in the 21st century, has led to the improvement of service delivery in different contexts and this is the same case in law enforcement. I am motivated by the desire to understand how technology can be used in law enforcement to improve delivery of services to the masses and also to improve interaction between law enforcement officers and members of the general public. 
The use of Police Worn Body cameras which hold audio, video and photographic systems is a significant step in incorporating technology in law enforcement (White, 2014). Apparently, these cameras lead to credible evidence gathering and documentation and elevate accountability and transparency among the police (Ariel et al., 2015). It is also argued that these cameras reduce police privacy, may lead to reduced data retention and also pose high financial implications in the state. As such, I am motivated to study this topic to evaluate and criticize its relevance and compare the same with the negative impact in law enforcement.
My primary hypothesis is that the Police Worn Body cameras are very beneficial tools used by law enforcement officers since they lead to improvement in gathering and documenting evidence in crime scenes and also ensures that the police are accountable and transparent.
My secondary hypothesis is that the Police Worn body cameras pose challenges of concern to police privacy which is a personal issue, may raise officer and community concerns, jeopardize data retention and also prompt the state to incur high costs in law enforcement aspects.
In my research, I will rely on a qualitative study in evaluating the importance and the problems which arise as a result of using the Police Worn Body Cameras. By using this method, I will be able to assess the effectiveness of the cameras in reducing crimes and in improving accountability and transparency in law enforcement. 
This study will lighten me on the importance and the dangers of using current technology in law enforcement. The study will also use the basis of making recommendations to different law enforcement departments and agencies especially the police on how to improve their operations. Moreover, the conclusion and the recommendations of the study can be adopted by law enforcement executives in deciding whether or not to use of the Police Worn Body cameras in their diverse departments.

References.
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015). The effect of police body-worn cameras on use of force and citizens' complaints against the police: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of quantitative criminology, 31(3), 509-535.
White, M. D. (2014). Police officer body-worn cameras: Assessing the evidence. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice.

Police Body Worn Cameras Survey Questions

SURVEY QUESTIONS 1
1. What is your age? (Optional). 
o	17 or younger. 
o	18-20. 
o	21-25. 
o	25-30 
2. What is your gender? (Optional). 
o	Male.
o	Female.
SURVEY QUESTIONS 2
3. Which race is the most affected by cases of police brutality in our region?

o	The Whites Americans. 
o	The Black Americans. 
o	The Asian Americans. 
o	The Latino Americans. 
4. Which gender is very prone to succumbing to injuries during police encounters? 
o Men. 
o Women. 
EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS 3
5. How do the local area police institutions use information captured by the body-worn cameras? 
o	Prosecuting criminals. 
o	 Informing the public. 
o	Informing the press. 
o	 Disciplining police officers.
o	 Improving the operations of the police officers. 
6. The police body worn cameras can be used in reducing cases of excessive force, injuries and brutality by the police. 
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
SURVEY QUESTIONS 4
7. Police Body-worn cameras will increase police accountability and transparency.  

o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
8. Police Body-worn cameras will improve evidence gathering and documentation. 
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
9. The use of police body-worn cameras will improve the legitimacy of the institution. 
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
10. Police use of the body-worn cameras is a step in the right direction. 
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
SURVEY QUESTIONS 5
11. All police interactions with the public should be recorded using the body-worn cameras. 

o	Strongly disagree, 

o	Disagree. 

o	Neither agree nor disagree. 

o	Agree. 

o	Strongly agree. 

12. The police should notify individuals when they are being recorded on the body-worn cameras. 
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree. 
13.Other departments and professionals such as ambulance operators, drug agencies and the rescue team should also use the body-worn cameras. 

o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree 
SURVEY QUESTIONS 6
14.The police body worn cameras have pros and cons, and hence, their implementation should be moderated. 

o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree.

15. The police-worn body cameras reduce privacy which is a personal issue, may raise officer and community concerns, jeopardize data retention and also prompt the state to incur high costs in law enforcement aspects. 

o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree.

16. It is important for research to be carried on the effectiveness of the police body worn cameras before recommending for their use.
o	Strongly disagree, 
o	Disagree. 
o	Neither agree nor disagree. 
o	Agree. 
o	Strongly agree.